Knee

Ankle sprains and instability are common injuries that can occur when the ligaments in the ankle are stretched or torn. Ankle sprains occur when the foot is twisted or turned abruptly, causing pain, swelling and difficulty in walking or standing. Symptoms of an ankle sprain include pain, swelling, and inflammation, bruise, popping or snapping sensation when the area is moved, and difficulty walking or standing.

Ankle instability, on the other hand, is a chronic condition that occurs when the ligaments in the ankle are stretched or torn, making it difficult to maintain proper alignment of the ankle. This can lead to chronic pain, swelling, and difficulty walking or standing. Common causes of ankle instability include a history of ankle sprains, poor foot and ankle mechanics, and weak muscles in the affected area.

Risk factors for ankle sprains and instability include participating in sports or physical activities that put stress on the ankle, having a previous history of ankle injuries, having weak ankle muscles or poor foot mechanics,
and wearing ill-fitting shoes or shoes that lack proper support.

Arthritis is a general term that refers to a group of conditions that cause inflammation and pain in the joints. Osteoarthritis, also known as “wear-and-tear” arthritis, is the most common form of arthritis and affects millions of people worldwide. It is a degenerative condition that occurs when the cartilage that cushions the joints wears down over time, leading to pain and stiffness.

The symptoms of osteoarthritis include joint pain, stiffness, and difficulty moving the affected joint. The pain is often worse in the morning or after sitting for long periods of time. The joint may also be swollen and tender to the touch. As the condition progresses, the joint may become deformed and the range of motion may be limited.

Risk factors for developing osteoarthritis include obesity, age, a history of joint injuries, and certain occupations that involve repetitive motions. People who have a family history of the condition are also at an increased risk of developing osteoarthritis.

Bunions are a common foot condition that affects the big toe joint, characterized by the bony bump that forms on the side of the big toe. This bump is caused by the misalignment of the bone at the base of the big toe, which pushes it towards the other toes. This condition can be quite painful, and make it difficult to wear shoes or walk comfortably. Bunions can also cause other problems such as calluses, hammertoes, and even arthritis.

The main symptom of a bunion is the bump or lump on the side of the big toe. This bump can be red, swollen, and painful. It can also cause discomfort when wearing shoes, and even when walking. Other symptoms of a bunion include swelling and inflammation in the affected area, limited range of motion in the big toe, and calluses or corns on the side of the foot.

Bunions are caused by a variety of factors such as genetics, injury, or certain types of arthritis. People with flat feet or high arches are also at an increased risk getting affected by bunions. Additionally, individuals with a family history of bunions or have certain occupations that require long hours of standing or walking are also at a higher risk of developing this condition.

Foot problems can range from minor to severe, and can greatly impact your daily life. Some of the most common foot problems include ingrown toe nails, ganglions and flat feet. Ingrown toe nails occur when the edge of the toenail grows into the surrounding skin, causing pain, redness, and swelling. Ganglions are fluid-filled cysts that form on the top or bottom of the foot, causing pain and discomfort.

Flat feet, also known as fallen arches, is a condition in which the arch of the foot collapses, causing the entire sole of the foot to come into contact with the ground. This can lead to pain, fatigue and difficulty walking. These common foot problems are often a result of injury and overuse of the foot.

Foot and toe pain can be caused by injury, overuse, or certain medical conditions. It can range from a mild ache to severe pain that makes it difficult to walk or wear shoes comfortably.

Some of the common disorders that can cause foot and toe pain include tarsal tunnel syndrome, plantar plate complications, Freiberg’s disease, and seasamoiditis. Tarsal tunnel syndrome is caused by compression of the tibial nerve in the tarsal tunnel, resulting in pain and numbness in the foot and toes.. Plantar plate complications occur due to damage or tears to the ligament that supports the bones in the ball of the foot, resulting in pain and instability.

Freiberg’s Disease is rare condition that causes osteonecrosis (death of bone tissue) in the second metatarsal head, while seamoiditis refers to inflammation of the small bones (sesamoids) located near the base of the big toe, both resulting in pain and difficulty walking.

Fractures in the feet and toes can be caused by trauma, such as a fall or accident, or by overuse, such as running or jumping. Symptoms of a fracture include pain, swelling, and difficulty moving the affected area.

Some of the common foot and toe fractures include metatarsal fractures, Jones fractures, and stress fractures. Metatarsal fractures occur in the long bones of the foot, while Jones fractures occur in the fifth metatarsal bone. Stress fractures are small cracks in the bones of the feet and toes caused by overuse or repetitive stress.

Heel pain, also known as plantar fasciitis, is a common condition that affects the bottom of the foot. It occurs when the fascia, a band of tissue that connects the heel bone to the toes, becomes inflamed.

Common disorders that trigger heel pain include heel spurs, heel bursitis, and Achilles tendonitis. Heel spurs are small bony growths that form on the heel bone and can cause pain when walking. Heel bursitis is an inflammation of the bursa, a fluid-filled sac that cushions the heel bone. Achilles tendonitis is an inflammation of the Achilles tendon, which connects the calf muscle to the heel bone.

Osteochondral injuries are injuries to the bone and cartilage of the joints, typically caused by trauma or overuse. These injuries can occur in any joint but are most common in the ankle, knee and hip.

In some cases, an osteochondral injury can cause a bone fragment to break off and float around the joint, causing further damage. This condition can also lead to chronic pain and arthritis if left untreated. An X-ray or MRI scan can be used to confirm the diagnosis.

Osteochondral injuries can be prevented by maintaining a healthy weight, avoiding overuse, and using proper technique and gear when participating in sports or other physical activities.

Posterior Ankle Impingement occurs when there is a pinching or impingement of the soft tissue or bone in the back of the ankle joint. This condition can be caused by several factors, including overuse, trauma, and certain medical conditions. Symptoms of posterior ankle impingement include pain, swelling, and stiffness in the back of the ankle, as well as difficulty moving the ankle joint.

This condition may be a result of disorders such as such as bony spurs, thickened ligaments, or a tight Achilles tendon. It is common in athletes, especially those who participate in sports that involve running, jumping, and cutting motions.

Sports injuries and trauma can occur in individuals of all ages and can range from minor sprains to serious fractures. However, it’s a common occurrence among athletes, as the feet and ankles are subjected to a great deal of stress and strain during physical activity. The frustration associated with sports injuries can be overwhelming, as it not only affects the physical aspect but also the mental and emotional aspect of an individual.

Major causes of sports injuries are overuse of muscles & bones, improper sporting technique, and lack of conditioning. Some common types of sports injuries include sprains, strains, fractures, and dislocations that affect the foot and ankle.

Tendon problems are a common condition that affects the tendons, which are the fibrous tissue that connects muscles to bones. Tendinitis is a common type of tendon problem. It is an inflammation of the tendon and can occur due to overuse or repetitive movements. Tendinitis can cause pain, stiffness and sometimes swelling in the affected area. It’s commonly seen in athletes, manual labourers and people who have jobs that require repetitive movements.Another type of tendon problem is tenosynovitis, which is an inflammation of the sheath that surrounds the tendon. Tendon ruptures, on the other hand, are a more severe condition. They occur when the tendon is torn or ruptured, causing severe pain and difficulty moving the affected joint. Achilles tendon rupture is a common example of tendon ruptures that occur in the ankle.

Toe deformities refer to abnormal shape or position of the toes. It may be congenital, meaning they are present at birth, or acquired, meaning they develop over time. There are several types of toe deformities, each with their own set of causes and symptoms.

Hammertoes, a common toe deformity, occur when the middle joint of a toe is permanently bent, causing the toe to resemble a hammer. Mallet toes, a similar condition to hammertoes, occur when the joint at the end of the toe is bent, causing the toe to resemble a mallet.

Claw toes, a less common toe deformity, occur when the toes are curled downward, resembling claws. This can be caused by nerve damage, certain medical conditions, or wearing tight shoes.